ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the monitoring results on plague from 2013 to 2017 in Guizhou Province,to master the epidemic dynamics of the plague and to provide a basis for developing countermeasures.Methods Using a retrospective analysis method,plague monitoring data from 9 monitoring sites in Xingyi City,Anlong County,Ceheng County,Xingren County,Pan County,Liuzhi Special Zone,Si'nan County,Dejiang County and Yanhe County in Guizhou Province from 2013-2017 were collected and analyzed.Results In 2013-2017,there were no plague F1 antigen and F1 antibody.A total of 3 575 murine animals were captured indoors,with Rattus norvegicus as the dominant species,accounting for 49.99％ (1 787/3 575).Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were common species,accounting for 35.64％ (1 274/3 575) and 11.36％ (406/3 575),respectively;the density of indoor rat was 3.48％(3 575/102 641),there was no significant difference in rat density between different years (x2 =3.655,P ＞ 0.05).A total of 1 674 murine animals were captured outdoors,and the Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounting for 34.29％ (574/1 674).S.serrata and Rattus norvegicus were common species,accounting for 18.28％ (306/1 674) and 13.20％ (221/1 674),respectively;the density of outdoor rat was 1.67％ (1 674/100 180),there was no significant difference in rat density between different years (x2 =6.241,P ＞ 0.05).A total of 9 541 murine animals were examed and 2 270 rats with flea were detected,the flea infestation rate of rat was 23.79％,the rat body flea index was 1.019 4,Xenopsylla cheopi was the dominant flea species and the index was 0.557 3.Conclusions The plague natural focus of Guizhou is at a quiescent stage.The plague monitoring work should be strengthened,health education should be done well,and plague epidemics should be stricdy prevented.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the changes of arsenic poisoning in drinking water arsenic poisoning areas in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,to provide a scientific basis for timely adjustment of local arsenic poisoning prevention and control measures.Methods In accordance with the requirements of the national "Surveillance Scheme of Drinking-Water-Borne Endemic Arsenism",38 villages were selected from 8 cities as monitoring sites in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2015.The situation of the villages in improving water quality and operation of the arsenic reducing projects was investigated,water samples were collected to detect water arsenic content of all the monitoring villages exposed or previously exposed to high arsenic water in the resident population,and 30 adult patients with arsenic poisoning were tested urine arsenic level.Results Thirty-eight monitored villages had changed the water sources;the change rate was 100.00％ (38/38).Water arsenic content qualified projects were 17,covering 36 villages.The project with water arsenic content exceeded the national standard was 1,the rate of exceeded standard was 5.56％ (1/18),covering 2 monitored villages.In the 36 water arsenic content qualified natural villages,4 163 people were examined,and arsenic poisoning patients detection rate was 10.21％ (425/4 163).The incidence of mild,moderate,severe and skin cancer cases was 7.59％ (316/4 163),1.68％ (70/4 163),0.86％ (36/4 163) and 0.07％ (3/4 163),respectively,no new cases and new skin cancer cases.In the natural villages where the content of arsenic in water exceeded the standard,461 resident people who were drinking high arsenic water were examined.The detection rate of arsenic poisoning patients was 3.69％ (17/461),no moderate,severe,new and skin cancer cases.A total of 1 107 patients with arsenic poisoning were tested for urinary arsenic levels in the 36 villages with normal water available and water arsenic levels in the range of 0.000-0.441 mg/L with a median of 0.011 mg/L.The content of urinary arsenic in 60 patients with arsenic poisoning was detected in the 2 natural villages with the arsenic content exceeded the standard.The range was 0.030-0.268 mg/L and the median was 0.155 mg/L.Conclusions The projects of anti-arsenic water have effects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.But there are still water projects with water arsenic content exceeded the standard,which seriously affects the health of residents,and the water management and maintenance of water projects needs to be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the changes of gopher density and epidemic situations of animal plague in the natural plague foci of Yinchuan from 2004-2014,to sum up the epidemic regularity of the epidemic situation,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the plague.Methods Retrospective analysis was used in the study.The plague monitoring data were collected;the number of host animals,density of rat,media index,aetiological and serological test results were analyzed.Results From 2004 to 2014,a total of 15 664 rats in 14 species,4 families and 9 genera were captured.The dominant populations were Meriones unguiculatus and Meriones meridianus.The density of rats was 4 919 km2,the number of rats was 6 196,the density of each rat was 0.21 to 3.85/hm2,and the average density was 1.26/hm2.A total of 15 664 rats were examined,the number of positive rats was 33,and the positive rate was 0.21％ (33/15 664).Among them,gerbils were 29,accounted for 87.88％ (29/33);18 strains of Yersiniapestis were detected in dead rats,which accounted for 54.54％ (18/33).A total of 5 810 groups of 22 070 fleas were cultured,the number of positive fleas was 42,and the positive rate was 0.12％ (7/5 810).Plague fleas were 2 kinds,the same type cheopis subspecies in 6 groups of 37 fleas,Nosopsyllus laeviceps vole subspecies in 1 group of 5 fleas.The positive number of F1 antibody was 3,and the positive rate was 0.12％ (3/ 2 446).Conclusions Yinchuan City,the natural foci of plague epidemic,is in the active state.We should pay attention to the density changes of Meriones unguiculatus and strengthen the monitoring work to pick up the dead rats,and found the epidemic of animal plague as soon as possible,in order to prevent the occurrence of human plague.